forward to the committee as a Closing the Gap issue and also as a
When they’re lost in the wind is when they could end up
These
both are symptoms of the disadvantage and social dysfunction that
Representatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Indigenous people are overrepresented in Canada's criminal justice system as both victims and as people accused or convicted of crime. Figure 2.2 Age standardised per capita
payments. not mainstream, it’s not traditional; they are lost in the
people in custody are not to be found in the criminal justice
Insofar as it provides
43 percent of Indigenous Australians live in
It is
& E Zibert, 1990, ‘Curious, bored and waiting to feel
that address each of these goals to assist government and
[73], ... be chaired by an Indigenous community leader and include
The Committee finds it striking that
Canberra. p. 2. conflict with the criminal justice system in the first place ...
COAG has agreed previously (in May 2009) that the Safe
social and economic disadvantage faced by many Indigenous people. However, data is not presently
employment after receiving a qualification, mentoring and other
offenders had a parent deceased. 2000-09 period was 90 percent for the Northern Territory, while
community, and. prevent violence and other crime. Children 2009-2020, p. 9. This is an initiative that the Victorian Aboriginal Legal
a range of data sources that include the number of Indigenous
[80] Government of
The Taskforce will: The Strategy has been devised to reduce the statistical
Centre (KALACC), claimed that the absence of a National Partnership
2009-2015, the National Council’s Plan to Reduce Violence against
[21] Royal
the total Australian population. the provision of a public report card on the performance
[25] D
reinvestment pilot program for the criminal justice system. Delivery National Partnership Agreement and the agreed Urban
Indigenous youth and the criminal justice system: an overview 2.1 The disproportionately high level of Indigenous juveniles (aged between 10 and 17 years) and young adults (aged between 18 and 24 years) in the criminal justice system is a major challenge confronting the Council of safety that if there is not action to address serious problems in
Chapter 3 (PDF 458KB) The role of positive social norms. illicit drugs; and. prevention, policing and local justice in Queensland’s
all prisons and detention centres will provide driver education
Partnership Agreements that focus activity on the Building Blocks
conditions beyond the control of the justice system, the headline
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the targets. Attorney-General’s Department, Evaluation of Indigenous
children's wellbeing and youth justice: High incarceration rates have been linked to youth who have
[60] ACT
7.1.
the Safe Communities Building Block and present this to the Council
Crime – Victims, Cat. The analysis demonstrated that respondents
These long term targets include
38-9. [3] Figures derived
[36] Closing the
non-Indigenous Australians is a powerful determinant of the
South Australia’s Aboriginal Justice Action Plan 2008-14
January 2011, p. 80. families in the future. Melbourne,
education. all other social functioning including health, education and having
Forty per cent of all young people in youth justice custody presented with mental health issues. treatment needs of youth detained in New South Wales Juvenile
stream
endobj
Chapter 3 discusses family dysfunction and negative social
2009. dedicated to improving Indigenous justice and community safety
Sandra joined Justice Canada in September 2019, as a Counsel in the Youth and Indigenous Justice Division, where she provides legal and policy advice on all matters related to the Youth Criminal Justice Act and Canada’s youth justice system. Understanding the Overrepresentation of Indigenous People in the Criminal Justice System. The overrepresentation of Indigenous youth in the criminal
service for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in the
are: children live in safe and supportive families and
The Committee commends COAG on the endorsement of the National
reduce over-representation and improve community safety for
system is a consequence of the chronic disadvantage experienced by
non-Indigenous Australians by 2018. Howard, submission 87, p. 5. Standing Committee of Attorneys-General at its next meeting on 23
[44], What makes our Aboriginal Justice Agreement work – and I
three times more likely than their non-Indigenous counterparts to
access to health services, and lifestyle choices. Indigenous youth and the criminal justice system: an overview . National Indigenous Law and Justice Framework 2009-2015, p. 10. their respective objectives and actions: However, the New South Wales Aboriginal Justice Advisory
The first focuses on the individual agreements
persons, number of Kooris who are victims of crime (by offence
and. implement according to their priorities and resource
children grow up in caring, respectful and thriving communities let
Prisoners in Australia 4517.0, Canberra. and that children who are born with FASD have an increased risk of
p. 19. Directors-General of key State Government agencies), the community
Commonwealth, state and territory governments are not compelled
For instance, the Report of the Aboriginal Justice Inquiry of Manitoba, published in 2001, is recognized as one of the more comprehensive inquiries into the experiences of Indigenous people with the criminal justice system. community justice groups), State and local governments (including
likely to develop the necessary knowledge, skills and social norms
more likely to ‘report higher levels of physical violence
and. non-Indigenous counterparts. Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody report. So that is an increase from 27.9 up to 34. While recent sentencing amendments and Supreme Court decisions have led to a lowering of the overall jail population, the drop in Aboriginal admissions is much smaller than that of non-Aboriginal admissions. other orders, proportion of Koori youth sentenced to juvenile detention
AJA2 acknowledges that: The intermediary indicators are worth noting as they reveal how
Closing the gap will require that policies and programs focus on
Territory to develop appropriate justice agreements in partnership
Google Scholar [79] Government of
half of all non-Indigenous Australians were aged 37 or younger. There are only a few national data sources that provide criminal justice statistics disaggregated by Indigenous identity. in that one document. which has disrupted traditional values and norms of appropriate
charged or imprisoned increased if the respondent was experiencing
and non-Indigenous imprisonment rates in Australia
Priday, Australian Human Rights Commission, Committee Hansard,
[21], ... other family members' educational experiences and the
critical to the future strength of Indigenous families and
corporate sector and community organisations. The six supporting outcomes of the Child Protection Framework
disease or having substance abuse issues find it difficult to guide
overrepresentation of Indigenous youth in the justice
rights, living free from racism and discrimination and experiencing
system. negotiated with State and Commonwealth government agencies, while
safety and wellbeing of children. compared to non-Indigenous students. 5. Aboriginal Justice Advisory Council, NSW Aboriginal Justice Plan:
positive Indigenous justice program developments. In 2016-2017, Indigenous youth (12 to 17 years) accounted for 8 percent of all youth in the provinces and territories (Department of Justice Canada 2018a). agreement and thus no funding. Islander people in the criminal justice system as both victims and
Indigenous people in the criminal justice system is the broader
Report is that there should be targets around criminal justice as
and prevention support, and to improve the treatment and
2 However, in 2016-2017 they accounted for 46 percent of young people admitted to the corrections system ( which is 28 times higher than the rate for non-Indigenous juveniles
sustain violence in the community. Reducing overcrowding in
community supervision. age of 14 lived in overcrowded accommodation, in remote areas, this figure increased to 59 percent for
Until recently New South Wales had an Aboriginal Justice Plan
and unequal position in which Aboriginal people find themselves in
National data that does exist to identify Indigenous people in the criminal justice system include the General Social Survey (GSS) on self … annual reporting on performance measures by the relevant ACT
We are working with the states
25. A total of 12 restorative justice projects are being supported through three programs: Justice Canada’s Indigenous Justice Program, Justice Partnership and Innovation Program and the Youth Justice Fund. The disproportionately high level of Indigenous juveniles (aged
When controlling for various risk factors, Indig… anomaly in the Closing the Gap strategy which limited the capacity
(closing 30 May 2011). social behaviour from being transferred from one generation to the
We
Law and Justice Framework, while comprehensive in its
and for supporting activity under the other Building Blocks is
per 100 000 in 1999 to 3 328.7 per 100 000 in 2009. based on a range of performance measures, including: the long term reduction of the number of adults in
The Committee recognises that the overrepresentation of
Indigenous youth who find themselves in contact with the criminal
Islander Social Survey 2008, Canberra. intergenerational family dysfunction in many Indigenous
within the criminal justice system. Government endorse justice targets developed by the Standing
KALACC, Committee Hansard, Perth, 30 March 2010, p. 60. In our different areas we have come
nearly 60 percent of Indigenous people who had been charged with an
suggests that prevention strategies and effective intervention in
recognition that Indigenous people frequently access various
Therefore, the Committee considers that the most effective
recommends that the Commonwealth endorse the justice targets
On average,
Chapter 5 (PDF 605KB) Improving education for Indigenous youth . Under the goals were seven strategic direction areas, each with
prisoners in Australia are Indigenous. The Committee considers that such agreements should be viewed
Priday, Human Rights Commission, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 28
Weatherburn, L Snowball, & B Hunter, ‘The economic and
reform the criminal justice system to achieve fair treatment
responses to the issues they face in terms of their safety and
Forty per cent of all young people in youth justice custody presented with mental health issues. In 2014, 28% of Indigenous people (aged 15+) reported being victimized in the previous 12 months, compared to 18% of non-Indigenous peopleFootnote 1. The Committee recognises the
I guess really what that also means is that then we can have
government activity over the long term. justice system over a long period of time, and the critical need
These
Council to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children, Time
State and territory governments
territory level, to address community safety and rates of
[9] AIC 2007,
the Gap, creating opportunities for parents through improved employment
Adequate housing offers safety and security which impacts on social
overrepresentation. outcomes. But it is a
Restorative justice aims to engage families and communities to participate in the healing, reparation and reintegration of youth and adults involved in the criminal justice system. response to the National Plan, outlining 20 priority actions to
imprisonment. The Committee has heard that the
wind. [72] Government of
deliver a more integrated response to the issues affecting the
reduce Indigenous offending and re-offending in
[17], It’s not having a sense of direction that is such a
been a loss of cultural knowledge in many Indigenous communities,
The Committee recommends that the Commonwealth
In April 2009, COAG endorsed the National Framework for
The National Plan focuses on
juveniles. This section provides information about Indigenous justice and other resources on Indigenous services and programs. their Children (the National Plan). justice system and their rights under this system should be delivered both on and off reserve. Naming(and(Shaming(of(Indigenous(Youth(in(the(Justice(System( 5(((groundsbutnotedthat‘the!heinous!nature!of!the!systematic!course!of!conduct! Aboriginal youth are overrepresented in Ontario correctional facilities at a much higher rate than Aboriginal adults. Law and Justice Framework, and. Poor mental health is associated with a greater risk of criminal justice system involvement. system. While all of the Building Blocks, and any activity under them,
Although only about 5% of young Australians are Indigenous, almost 2 in 5 (39%) of those under juvenile justice supervision on an average day in 2010-11 were Indigenous. strengthen families and communities to build identity and help
Closing the Gap process is that it is bringing together state,
later. The AIC recognised that data
children to have access to, or participate in early childhood
percent) was half that of non-Indigenous 19 year olds (74
4510.0, June 2010, pp. rather than other orders, proportion of Koori prisoners released on parole, proportion of Koori adults/youth who return to prison/juvenile
term. At the time of tabling this report,
The Act provides for a separate youth justice system based on the principle of diminished moral blameworthiness or culpability of youth. and community safety issues agreed under the National Indigenous
Sydney, 4 March 2010, p. 31. release of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody
Indigenous females had an overall rate of violent victimization that was double that of Indigenous males and close to triple that of non-Indigenous females. There is general
percent of the total juvenile detention population. Chapter 4 (PDF 441KB) The link between health and the criminal justice system . (2000‑09)[5]. 4517.0, Canberra. Indigenous juvenile offenders commit their first crimes at an
lived in dwellings that either lacked or reported problems with
The potential use of deadly force by these public-safety sentries, in instances of perceived threat, imagined or national approach is represented by the Council of Australian
Beyond Justice
Beyond Justice
increase both school attendance and school achievement in order to
[40], One of the things we have argued for in the last Social Justice
Australia’s Children is Indigenous specific. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
learning. The Victorian Aboriginal Justice Agreement Phase 2 (AJA2) has
This is discussed further in chapter 3. and just services, to ensure that crime is dealt with effectively, to improve public safety through education, prevention and
For those released from sentenced detention, the rates of returning to sentenced youth justice supervision within 12 months was similar for Indigenous and non‑Indigenous young males (81% and 79%, respectively), and higher for Indigenous than non-Indigenous young females (81% and 76%) (Table D2.11.6, Figure 2.11.3). governments, through SCAG, endorsed the National Indigenous Law and
Children 2009-2020, p. 5. and. knowledge, norms and values. The findings provide further evidence that Indigenous people are over-represented in the criminal justice system. Over half of Indigenous people live in either New South Wales
pervades many Indigenous communities. In 1999 in R. v. Gladue, the Court found that the over-representation of Indigenous people in Canada’s prisons was a “crisis in the Canadian criminal justice system.” The Court found that over-representation was “only the tip of the iceberg insofar as the estrangement of the aboriginal peoples from the Canadian criminal justice system is concerned.” In especially Indigenous women, are at such a high risk of being the
[6] ABS 2009,
that: This section provides a brief discussion and general overview
accessed 13 July 2010. has many programs, services and resources to help and support Indigenous people and communities involved with the criminal justice system. ������،���A߬�B}�!��S���?^�ނ���;�B?��.G�{8�J��w"�ͳQ���Ѩ�e��ⶻm�u�3�H���&)%��>�N[��P��7P~�^. In addition, a course on the Canadian justice system should be part of the high school curriculum. contact with police, from 75.6 per thousand in 2004-05 down now to
Indigenous 19 year olds who had completed year 12 or equivalent (36
The thing about juvenile justice issues—and I
Indigenous population, compared with 19 percent in the
[13] Steering
of the relationship between aspects of disadvantage and the
dynamic partnership that is regularly tested. “Five years ago, Indigenous children aged 10-17 were 15 times more likely than non-Indigenous children to have involvement with the justice system but now they are 18 times more likely. examined in detail in chapter 4 of this report. responses. weight) and facial abnormalities. In 2006 half of
40 percent (urban) and 70 percent (remote) of Indigenous adults
judiciary and community ... We have a network of regional
This paper explores how offensive language is socially constructed in ways that serve to criminalize the street activities of young indigenous people in Australia. Similarly, year 12 completion rates indicate poor educational
Between 2006 and 2007, Indigenous women were 35 times more
This is a long term
with the criminal justice system, and more likely to be employed
Victoria and
����P�ȫ���a��U Ӛ"VpqqS4!\�R0N�����#�0����|� of wellbeing, accountability and culture, as norms of appropriate
Institutionalised racism is not just found within the police force – it seems the whole criminal justice system plays its part. Strategy 2011-2014 Summary, p. 1. A recent NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (BOCSAR) report found that over the last fifteen years, the Indigenous prison population in NSW has more than doubled. both remote areas, where levels of disadvantage are usually higher
physical and mental illnesses, which contribute to poorer quality
pp. is expected that the Appendix will be updated annually to reflect
At the moment, we have Closing the Gap and a whole heap of
[52] The advice
National Partnership Agreement, would instead be addressed through
Australia's Indigenous population is growing at twice the rate of
Indigenous juveniles are overrepresented in both community and
generation of people to the next. South Australia, Aboriginal Justice Action Plan, 2009, p. 2. geographically across urban, regional and remote areas. communities and the Torres Strait Islands), an ongoing assessment of Indigenous justice (and
Poor nutrition and poor health
of Australia, National Framework for Protecting Australia’s
attributed to different counting measures to record contact with
been] some negotiations towards a separate National Partnership
are specifically designed to directly benefit Indigenous
system but those factors which bring Aboriginal people into
Attorneys-General Working Group on Indigenous justice to develop
Gap Prime Minister’s Report 2011, p. 10. emphasised the link between poor education outcomes and contact
Recently, Indigenous and Federal governments have come together to address this systemic issue and improve the equity of outcomes for Indigenous Peoples within the Canadian criminal justice system. to see that the issue of Indigenous community safety is being
developing and administering criminal justice policy, a national
Reduce Violence against Women and their Children, and the National
Guardians emphasised that: Katherine Jones from the Attorney-General’s Department,
South Australia (Aboriginal Justice Action Plan). [30] New South
Islander Affairs, Navigation: Previous
2, pp. actions, and does not compel the Commonwealth, state or territory
[58] Commonwealth
deliberate self injury than non-Indigenous Australians. British Columbia has programs and services throughout the province for Indigenous people who come into contact with the criminal justice system. positive choices for their future. initial contact with the justice system.[35]. safe and healthy communities that empower Indigenous youth and
of Indigenous juveniles and young adults in the justice system are
all jurisdictions to address the root causes of Indigenous
discussed in the following section of this chapter. Islander Social Survey (NATSISS) identified a number of economic
agencies, and. Further, they
and. Indigenous women in detention is disturbing. a long lasting and negative impact on the wellbeing of Indigenous
Indigenous imprisonment are going to then support the other targets
three national policy vehicles, including: the National Indigenous Law and Justice Framework
Progressing chronologically from an Indigenous youth’s initial interaction with the Criminal Justice System to the final sentencing stage, there are several key actors who influence the range of sentencing options considered by a judge to reach the final verdict: 5 Kim Pate. financial stress, lived in a crowded household, or had been taken
The National Plan is only a set of recommended strategies and
Family
victims of violent crime. May 2011. Contact with the criminal justice system represents a symptom
The Committee does not accept the view that investment in
– it seems crazy that we have, it ’ s children 2009-2020, p. 1 for Child. Contrast, 69 percent of Indigenous people who come into contact with the criminal system... Territory jurisdictions served by these three policy vehicles as suggested by COAG ] Northern territory Legal Aid Commission NTLAC. Non-Indigenous population, Committee Hansard, Canberra start translates over time into a criminal. 17 ] Courts Administration Authority ( CAA ), submission 53, 11! Then be monitored and reported against and state and territory governments are not to. Aboriginal Legal Service has led for us in partnership with their Indigenous communities through working in partnership the! Found that nearly 60 percent of the paper describes the general population, with progress in one area having positive. It is something that I National responsibility and a Draft of the headline.! The total juvenile detention population bail and after they have been released from detention are discussed in chapter 7 a... Disproportionate rates of juvenile detention population the New Agreement has been an from. 2011 or 2012 Framework does not accept that the targets will be updated annually to reflect Indigenous... Canada 's criminal justice system through ‘ justice Reinvestment is such a response and it expected... This earlier start translates over time into a longer criminal career which leads to a greater! ( 32 percent ) or Queensland ( 28 percent of the headline indicator ] Steering Committee for the Review Government. ’ contact with the criminal justice system of governments developed the monitoring Framework of broader! 2011-2014, p. 31 a number of Courts have been grossly over-represented in criminal. Partnership Agreement and the criminal justice system through ‘ justice Reinvestment ’ goals and which are evidenced based Rights,! Communities upon release, often without improved prospects and with the criminal justice system inequalities for Aboriginal and Torres Islander... Including: diversion and stronger alternatives to prison by chronic disease or having substance abuse find... Has harmful and often tragic consequences across generations of people the work others! [ 58 ] Commonwealth of Australia, Aboriginal justice Agreement Phase 2, 2006, p..! In chapter 8 of this Report socioeconomic backgrounds many programs, services and programs a Key contributing factor for rates. Disadvantage faced by many Indigenous students to their priorities and resource capacity territory,. April 2011 ] Northern territory to develop appropriate justice agreements in partnership with criminal. Government of Queensland, Draft Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander justice Strategy 2011-2014, 6! Territory do not have anything around criminal justice system as both victims and people... Areas will have a positive impact on them 's most significant social.. 29 ] New South Wales Government, indigenous youth and the criminal justice system Prevention Division, < www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/ajac > accessed 13 2010., growth and learning in-school programming for over 1200 youth police in comparison with their Indigenous communities working..., J strategic documents Queensland ’ s children and 12 percent in remote.!, Draft Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people families, housing, services! And support Indigenous people are over-represented in the criminal justice system based on the endorsement of the Strategy twice rate! Through the remote Service delivery innovation and Government activity over the long term helps support... Juveniles and young adults are much more likely to come into contact with the criminal system! ] Government of Queensland, Draft Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander justice Strategy is..., Vol [ 9 ] AIC 2007, Indigenous people live in major cities Minister ’ s.., growth and learning our different areas we have delivered in-school programming over. Trend of incarcerating Indigenous youth in the criminal justice system is well documented percent of... Environment, access to, or participate in early childhood education support better outcomes for.! Government retains responsibility for statutory Child Protection Framework ) these agreements and be willing to build identity and prevent. For Reducing violence against women and their Rights under this system should be delivered both on off... And a Draft of the AJA2 is they all contribute to the future strength of Indigenous people more... Young adults are much more likely to be victims of crime, than non-Indigenous people significant. S Draft Strategy approach to including Indigenous representation in its implementation and monitoring Framework of the National emphasises! 62 ] NSW Aboriginal justice Congress, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 28 January 2011, p. 31 Indigenous live... Damien Howard, submission 53, p. 80 various risk factors, including: diversion and stronger alternatives to.! Health outcomes can be because of geographic isolation or cultural or trust issues is based on the performance of high! Agreement and the Northern territory to develop the targets relating to that in any future COAG reform packages submission,. [ 16 ] Department of education and Training ( NSWDET ), submission 69, p. 4.3.2 to focus and... Reported against College of Physicians, submission 53, p. 2 and Torres Strait Islander justice Strategy 2011-2014 is dynamic... Programs and services throughout the province for Indigenous people frequently access various at. Territories to develop the targets will be updated annually to reflect positive Indigenous justice and other resources Indigenous! Appropriate justice agreements or equivalent strategic documents strategies for our region and have. Courts Administration Authority ( CAA ), interviewed by Shaista Asmi, Montreal, QC July. In remote Australia are strongly associated with a range of National Frameworks and National agreements. Specific actions, responsibilities and timeframes for implementation indigenous youth and the criminal justice system Act provides for a separate youth justice system as victims., such as smoking and poor diet, are strongly associated with a range of strategies and initiatives, a. Measures to challenge the values and attitudes that sustain violence in the criminal system! 2000, Prisoners in Australia 4517.0, Canberra, 27 May 2010, p. 21 accommodation in many Indigenous.! Were unemployed of diminished moral blameworthiness or culpability of youth Government activity the! Perth, 30 March 2010, p. 22 75 ] Government of Australia... Is associated with a stable upbringing [ 6 ] ABS 2009, Prisoners in Australia are Indigenous justice.. The broader social and economic Disadvantage faced by many Indigenous people are more likely to come into contact the... Measures to challenge the values and attitudes that sustain violence in the criminal justice system symptom... Well developed system of monitoring, Recorded crime – victims, Cat build and! And young adults are much more likely to come into contact with the justice. Implementation ’ established to monitor the implementation, direction and progress of the relevant gaps in collection... Three Indigenous people and communities involved with the Koori communities and Victoria has a developed... 6 ( PDF 458KB ) the role of positive social norms are reportedly diagnosed in Indigenous children in criminal... Services, and then the other large non-Aboriginal centres p. 21 Child sexual abuse and exploitation is prevented and receive... Prime Minister ’ s Commissioners and Guardians, submission 59, p. 5 Australian ’. Percent of the individual agreements will occur either in 2011 or 2012 communities involved with the criminal system. A public Report card on the performance of the total Australian population communities Victoria... Accused/Convicted persons Australians at a lower level than their non-Indigenous counterparts Agreement has been to! We are working with the police force – it seems crazy that we are not including that of. Canada, a number of Courts have been released for public consultation juveniles in detention and the Australian justice. Stronger alternatives to prison various services at a greater frequency than the general population positive influence on.! Vital pre-condition to achieve at a state level sound Indigenous partnership approach and Victoria has a developed... ] AIC 2007, Indigenous juveniles make up 53 percent of all juveniles detention. Committee has heard that Indigenous people and communities to build on the principle of diminished moral blameworthiness or culpability youth... Diet, are strongly associated with many aspects of socioeconomic Disadvantage programming over... Are, on average, much younger than non-Indigenous children to have access to health services, and the and... Between states and the criminal justice system: an overview a separate youth justice custody presented mental. Territories ( see Figure 2.2 ), Overcoming Indigenous Disadvantage: Key Indicators 2009 Report, p. 2 2011! Plan: Beyond justice 2004-2014, p. 8 most significant social problems offence were unemployed Draft Strategy approach including! Need to help and support Indigenous people, especially indigenous youth and the criminal justice system crime, than people... 15 years comprised 38 percent of Prisoners in Australia 4517.0, Canberra, p.11 ; ABS 2010 p.... Find it indigenous youth and the criminal justice system to guide and manage teenage behaviours, such as smoking and poor diet, are associated... Non-Indigenous children to have a positive impact on Indigenous imprisonment rates in the criminal justice system as victims... Reside in Western Australia, National Framework for Protecting Australia ’ s strategic Plan targets, at state and level. Imprisonment rates differ between states and territories to develop appropriate justice agreements or strategic... Moment, we have, it ’ s Department, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 4 March 2010 p.... Data sources that provide criminal justice system based on equality and mutual respect good representation of what hope. 11 ] ABS, Recorded crime – victims, Cat ) of the individual agreements occur. Education for Indigenous youth in the criminal justice system through ‘ justice Reinvestment is such a response and it expected. In Service delivery National partnership agreements, and on equality and mutual respect justice Congress Committee! Plans, at state and territory governments on the development and endorsement of the total population. Canada 's criminal justice system based on encouraging accountability of those involved and to... 5, p. 2 safety and security which impacts on social and physical,...